Recursion is a programming technique that involves a function calling itself repeatedly until it reaches a base case or condition. It’s a way to solve a problem by breaking it down into smaller sub-problems that can be solved in a similar way.
When a function calls itself, a new instance of the function is created, with its own set of variables and memory. This process continues until the base case is reached, at which point the function returns a value to the calling function. The values are then combined to form the final result.
Recursion is a powerful technique that can simplify complex problems, but it can also be resource-intensive if not used correctly. It’s important to ensure that the base case is well-defined and that the recursion will eventually terminate to avoid infinite loops.